客户端验证(CSV)技术,它通过创建「默克尔树」,可以在链外处理交易和更新状态,同时仍然保持底层区块链的安全保证。其他技术,如 Open Transactions、Chaumian 电子现金和 P2P 市场,可以进一步增强 Web5 堆栈的功能,从而支持广泛的用例和应用。为了将所有这些组件联系在一起并提供丝滑的用户体验,我们引入了通道。通道是 Web5 协议栈各组件之间的桥梁,也是 Web2 和 Web3 技术之间的连接,而闪电网络就是通道的一种。 Web5 的主要优势在于 P2P 支付和社交网络。借助下一代公共闪电网络 CFN,我们可以在不同的区块链和资产之间实现快速、安全和低成本的 P2P 支付。通过 RGB++ 将 CKB 与 Nostr 集成,我们可以为 P2P 社交互动和小额支付创造丝滑且用户友好的体验[41]。我们相信,这些领域将创造无数机遇。 4.4 用例 为了实现 Web5,我们构建了 RGB++ Layer 和稳定币。CFN 和公共闪电网络方案是将这些元素组合在一起的最后一块拼图。此外,我们还见证了首个 RGB++ 资产 Seal 的增长,Seal 社区推动了三位一体的采用和发展。让我们用 3 个用例来进一步说明: P2P 经济 —— 具有闪电网络激励机制的去中心化云存储。在这种商业模式中,需要存储服务的用户可以与 RGB++ Layer 上的云存储提供商签订智能合约,同意按使用量支付存储容量和带宽费用。该平台利用 CFN 促进用户和云存储提供商之间的快速、低成本支付,并根据实际使用量自动触发支付。反过来,云存储提供商也有动力提供可靠、优质的存储服务,因为他们可以通过闪电网络直接从用户那里获得补偿。这创造了供需的良性循环,用户从低成本、安全的存储解决方案中受益,而云存储提供商则因其对网络的贡献而获得收入。用户保留对其数据的完全控制权,可根据需要授予或撤销访问权限。这种去中心化的云存储平台解决了传统 P2P 文件共享网络的局限性,如缺乏激励、搭便车、性能差与中心化平台控制之间的两难问题 [42],[43],它利用闪电网络和智能合约的力量,重新建立了一个强大的、自我维持的 P2P 经济系统。 BTCFi —— 利用「UTXO 乐高」捕捉市场机会。想象一下这样一个场景:用户看到比特币网络上的 Seal 价格飙升,出现了重大市场机会。为了利用这一机会,用户希望将他们的 ccBTC(与 BTC 1:1 锚定且在 CKB 上发行)作为抵押品借入稳定币 RUSD,并立即购买 Seal。安全性至关重要,因此用户无法接受中心化的跨链桥,RGB++ 解决了这一痛点。在单个区块内执行此交易也是一种创新。在这里,UTXO 乐高指的是 UTXO 的模块化和可编程特性,它允许跨不同区块链创建复杂的自动化交易。基于 UTXO,我们可以安全地连接 CKB 和比特币网络之间的操作,确保抵押品锁定、稳定币借贷和 Seal 购买以原子交换的方式进行:要么所有操作都成功,要么都不成功。这种可编程性是 UTXO 的一个显著特征,与以太坊使用的基于账户的模型相比,它能够更精细地控制交易执行。最后,UTXO 模型由于能以并行方式更高效地处理交易数据,尤其是在与多条区块链交互时,通常能降低交易成本。这种方法展示了 BTCFi 如何能够提供比当前 DeFi 解决方案更强大、更安全、更具成本效益的替代方案。 PayFi —— 基于闪电网络的 DEX 实现丝滑的 P2P 支付。比特币闪电网络和 CKB CFN 的融合带来的最有前景的应用之一是为 BTC、稳定币和 RGB++ 资产创建基于闪电网络的 DEX。通过利用 CFN 促进无需信任、跨闪电网络原子交换的能力,用户可以在 CKB 生态系统内轻松地在 BTC 和 USDT 或 RUSD 等稳定币之间进行交换,而无需中心化交易所或 KYC 程序。本质上,这个基于闪电网络的 DEX 可以看作是 VISA 等传统金融网络的一种去中心化、P2P 替代方案,其中节点扮演「银行分行」的角色,并从其抵押的流动性中获得奖励。这种 DEX 使用户能够进行快速、安全和私密的 P2P 交易(而不是与智能合约交互),使他们能够在稳定币的稳定性和 BTC 的数字黄金标准之间无缝转换。原子交换机制确保双方同时收到各自的资产,消除了交易对手风险,增强了平台的整体安全性和可靠性。此外,CFN 的多资产能力为闪电通道内 RGB++ 资产的即时、零费用交易提供了令人兴奋的可能性。例如,用户可以创建用于交易 RGB++ NFT(DOB)或 RGB++ 代币的市场。这些市场提供实时、无摩擦的交易体验,让创作者、收藏者和交易者能够直接进行价值交换,而无需承担高昂的交易费用或等待漫长的确认时间。 5 总结 区块链行业正处于十字路口。一条道路通向以太坊模型的延续,这条路充满中心化、寻租,背离了区块链的核心原则。另一条路是回归比特币的最初愿景,一个赋能个人并实现真正去中心化的 P2P 系统。 选择是明确的。我们必须拥抱比特币复兴及其带来的创新。其中包括 RGB++ Layer、CKB Fiber Network 和原生稳定币。我们必须努力创造一个更公平、更可持续的价值创造和分配模式,摆脱过去以代币为中心的模式,走向以服务为导向的未来。这个未来是 Web5 的未来,它结合了 Web2 和 Web3 的优点。 前方的道路将充满挑战,但回报也将巨大。因此,让我们作为一个社区团结起来,共同致力于比特币 P2P 的愿景。让我们带着早期先驱者的激情和远见去建设、创新和创造。让我们向世界展示 P2P 未来的真正力量。 选择权在我们手中。未来掌握在我们手中。 让我们开始吧。 参考文献 [1] S. 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